Hanna Instruments Marine Instruments Turbidity and Free/Total Chlorine Meter User Manual

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7
MEASUREMENT UNITS
Many methods were used to measure turbidity over the years. The Jackson Candle Turbidimeter was
used to measure turbidity as Jackson turbidity units (JTU). The Secchi Disk is commonly used to
measure turbidity in lakes and other deep waters (mg/L SiO
2
). Both methods are visual and are not
considered very accurate. To obtain more accurate readings a nephelometer should be used as a
turbidity reading instrument.
The HI 93414 turbidimeter reports the measurements only in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity
Units). NTU units are equal to FTU units (Formazine Turbidity Units). The conversion table
between these measurement units is shown bellow:
COLORIMETER
Absorption of light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and
matter. When light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms,
molecules or crystal lattices.
If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of absorbed light depends both on the optical path length
through the matter and on the physical-chemical characteristics of the substance, according to the
Lambert-Beer law:
–log I/I
o
= ε
λ
c d
or
A =
ε
λ
c d
Where:
–log I/I
o
= Absorbance (A)
I
o
= intensity of incident light beam
I = intensity of light beam after absorption
ε
λ
= molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ
c = molar concentration of the substance
d = optical path through the substance
UTJ UTF/UTN OiS
2
)
L/gm(
UTJ 1 91 05.2
UTF/UTN 350.0 1 31.0
OiS
2
)L/gm( 4.0 5.7 1

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